Sustainable Management of Sewage Sludge Using Dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight) Cultivation: Studies on Heavy Metal Uptake and Characterization of Fibers

In this study, the potential use of sewage sludge (SS) as a fertilizer source for cultivated Dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight) crops was investigated. Field experiments were conducted using different doses SS such 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), and 15% (T3) to amend soil (w/w). The findings showed that amended with significantly (p < 0.05) improved response parameters S. an increase in dose from 15%. particular, T3 treatment gave best results (mean values) plant growth yield height (380.59 cm), fresh weight (1.47 kg/plant), dry (0.27 base diameter (3.19 seed (44.71 g/plant), total chlorophyll (3.15 mg/g fwt), carotenoids (0.88 carbohydrates (9.40 mg/g), phenol (0.13 mg/g) contents. Moreover, selected proximate fiber characteristics crop by same (T3); ash (7.25%), crude (32.70%), protein (15.94%), lignin (24.60%), cellulose (37.25%), (3.06 stick (32.08 fiber: ratio (0.10), (26.97 µm), ultimate tensile strength (855.98 MPa), (58.92 g/tex), density (1.54 g/cm3), luster (45.65%) compared control (T0). bioaccumulation factor (BAF) studies capable accumulating heavy metals following order: Fe > Mn Zn Cu Cd Cr. study suggested sustainable approach efficient fertilization high-quality production could minimize environmental pollution caused unsafe disposal SS.